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Showing posts with label Yarn. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Yarn. Show all posts
Yarn Count: Count is a numerical value, which express the coarseness or fineness (diameter) of the yarn and also indicate the relationship between length and weight (the mass per unit length or the length per unit mass) of that yarn. Therefore, the concept of yarn count has been introduced which specifies a certain ratio of length to weight.

Type of Yarn Count:

One distinguishes between two systems:

Direct Count System:

The weight of a fixed length of yarn is determined. The weight per unit length is the yarn count! The common features of all direct count systems are the length of yarn is fixed and the weight of yarn varies according yo its fineness.

The following formula is used to calculate the yarn count:


       W x l
N = ------
         L
Here,

N= Yarn count or numbering system
W = Weight of the sample at the official regain in the unit of the system. 
L = Length of the sample
l = Unit of length of the sample.




Definition of the above system is as follows :

  • Tex System : No of grams per 1000 meters
  • Denier: No Of grams per 9000 meters
  • Deci Tex : No Of Grams per 10000 meters
  • Millitex : No of milligrams per 1000 meters
  • Kilotex: No Of Kilograms per 1000 meters
  • Jute Count: No Of lb per 14,400 yds

The Tex of a yarn indicates the weight in grams of 1000 meters yarn, thus 40 Tex means 1000 meters of yarn weight 40 gram.

The Denier of a yarn indicates the weight in grams of 9000 meters yarn, thus 150 D means 9000 meters of yarn weight 150 grams and 100 D means 9000 meters of yarn weight 100 gm.

From above discussion it is concluded that higher the yarn number (count) coarser the yarn and lower the umber finer the yarn.


Indirect Count System:

The length of a fixed weight of yarn is measured. The length per unit weight is the yarn count.

The common features of all indirect count systems are the weight of yarn is fixed and the length of yarn varies according to its fineness.

The following formula is used to calculate the yarn count:


        L x w
N = ---------
        W x l

Here,

N= Yarn count or numbering system
W = Weight of the sample at the official regain in the unit of the system. 
L = Length of the sample
l = Unit of length of the sample.
w = Unit of length of the sample



Definition of the above system is as follows:

  • English count system (Ne) : No of 840 yds lengths per pound
  • Metric Count System (Nm) : No of Kilometers per kilogram
  • Woollen Count (YSW) : No of 256 yds lengths per pound
  • Worsted Count, NeK: No of 560 yd lengths per pound
  • Linen count, NeL : No of 300 yd lengths per pound

The English Count, Ne indicates how many hanks of 840 yards length weigh one English pound. Thus, 32Ne means 32 hanks of 849 yards, i.e. 32x840 yards length weight one pound.

The Metric Count, Nm indicates how many hanks of 1000 meters length weigh one kg. Thus 50Nm means 50 hanks of 1000 meters i.e. 50x1000 meters length weigh one kg and 100Nm means 100 hanks of 1000 meters i.e. 100x1000 meters length weigh one kg.

From above discussion it is concluded that higher the yarn number or yarn count finer the yarn and lower the number or count coarser the yarn.

Most important conversion factors:

  • 1 yard = 0.9144 meter
  • 1 meter = 1.0936 yard
  • 1 meter = 39.37 inch
  • 1 cm = 0.3937 inch
  • 1inch = 2.54 cm
  • 1 m2 = 1.1960 yd2
  • 1 gm = 0.0353 oz
  • 1 oz = 28.350 gm
  • 1 lb (pound) = 453.6 gm
  • 1 lb = 0.4536 kg
  • 1 kg = 2.2046 lb (pound)
  • 1 m/kg - 0.4961 yd/lb 
  • 1 yd/lb = 2.0159 m/k

What is Yarn Count? | Yarn Numbering System

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Yarn Count: Count is a numerical value, which express the coarseness or fineness (diameter) of the yarn and also indicate the relationship between length and weight (the mass per unit length or the length per unit mass) of that yarn. Therefore, the concept of yarn count has been introduced which specifies a certain ratio of length to weight.

Type of Yarn Count:

One distinguishes between two systems:

Direct Count System:

The weight of a fixed length of yarn is determined. The weight per unit length is the yarn count! The common features of all direct count systems are the length of yarn is fixed and the weight of yarn varies according yo its fineness.

The following formula is used to calculate the yarn count:


       W x l
N = ------
         L
Here,

N= Yarn count or numbering system
W = Weight of the sample at the official regain in the unit of the system. 
L = Length of the sample
l = Unit of length of the sample.




Definition of the above system is as follows :

  • Tex System : No of grams per 1000 meters
  • Denier: No Of grams per 9000 meters
  • Deci Tex : No Of Grams per 10000 meters
  • Millitex : No of milligrams per 1000 meters
  • Kilotex: No Of Kilograms per 1000 meters
  • Jute Count: No Of lb per 14,400 yds

The Tex of a yarn indicates the weight in grams of 1000 meters yarn, thus 40 Tex means 1000 meters of yarn weight 40 gram.

The Denier of a yarn indicates the weight in grams of 9000 meters yarn, thus 150 D means 9000 meters of yarn weight 150 grams and 100 D means 9000 meters of yarn weight 100 gm.

From above discussion it is concluded that higher the yarn number (count) coarser the yarn and lower the umber finer the yarn.


Indirect Count System:

The length of a fixed weight of yarn is measured. The length per unit weight is the yarn count.

The common features of all indirect count systems are the weight of yarn is fixed and the length of yarn varies according to its fineness.

The following formula is used to calculate the yarn count:


        L x w
N = ---------
        W x l

Here,

N= Yarn count or numbering system
W = Weight of the sample at the official regain in the unit of the system. 
L = Length of the sample
l = Unit of length of the sample.
w = Unit of length of the sample



Definition of the above system is as follows:

  • English count system (Ne) : No of 840 yds lengths per pound
  • Metric Count System (Nm) : No of Kilometers per kilogram
  • Woollen Count (YSW) : No of 256 yds lengths per pound
  • Worsted Count, NeK: No of 560 yd lengths per pound
  • Linen count, NeL : No of 300 yd lengths per pound

The English Count, Ne indicates how many hanks of 840 yards length weigh one English pound. Thus, 32Ne means 32 hanks of 849 yards, i.e. 32x840 yards length weight one pound.

The Metric Count, Nm indicates how many hanks of 1000 meters length weigh one kg. Thus 50Nm means 50 hanks of 1000 meters i.e. 50x1000 meters length weigh one kg and 100Nm means 100 hanks of 1000 meters i.e. 100x1000 meters length weigh one kg.

From above discussion it is concluded that higher the yarn number or yarn count finer the yarn and lower the number or count coarser the yarn.

Most important conversion factors:

  • 1 yard = 0.9144 meter
  • 1 meter = 1.0936 yard
  • 1 meter = 39.37 inch
  • 1 cm = 0.3937 inch
  • 1inch = 2.54 cm
  • 1 m2 = 1.1960 yd2
  • 1 gm = 0.0353 oz
  • 1 oz = 28.350 gm
  • 1 lb (pound) = 453.6 gm
  • 1 lb = 0.4536 kg
  • 1 kg = 2.2046 lb (pound)
  • 1 m/kg - 0.4961 yd/lb 
  • 1 yd/lb = 2.0159 m/k

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Yarn counting or numbering system is the universal numerical expression for measuring yarn and thread coarseness or fineness. We can use count for both thread and yarn. Thread and yarn is not similar to use. They are also different in construction. Normally yarns are used to weaving and may be plied or single whereas thread is frequently used for sewing purposes and always contain two or more plies. When we use thread for garments sewing we frequently see that thread suppliers mention thread ticket number as well as count. Since thread is made always by two or more plies of yarn therefore counting system of thread is not similar like normal yarn count.



Thread Numbering or Counting:
When we will use counting system of thread like as 27 tex, 40 tex, 60 tex, 80 tex (Tex), it is simply followed the tex numbering system.

For direct system of thread numbering Tex is very popular. Tex is defined as weight of 1000 meters thread in grams.
For example, Tex 60 – a length of 1000 meters of thread will gives 60 grams of weight.

When we use 20/2, 20/3, 20/4 or 40/2 (English Count) then we can find out the resultant count by calculating the resultant count.

When more than one ply of yarn is twisted into a thread, finding the resultant size of the thread by considering all the plies becomes necessary.

For Indirect Counting System or Fixed Weight System: Resultant size = Individual yarn count / Number of plies

For Direct Counting System  In fixed length systems: Resultant size = Individual yarn count x Number of plies
In case of sewing necessary if you need thread of any count then a  particular resultant size can be made with any number of plies.

Ticket Numbering
Suppliers may ask you about the ticket number you want to purchase then you have to provide the ticket numbers of desired thread.Ticket numbering is a commercial numbering system. Ticket numbers are merely the manufacturer’s reference numbers for the size of a given thread.
The Metric Count, Cotton Count and Denier Systems use ticket numbering system to give an easy approximation of the specific size of the finished thread.

Depends on the nature of fiber as well as thread making process, ticket numbers will vary as it is not the same as in another.  For example, Ticket 75 Cotton is not the same as Ticket 75 mono-filament thread.

For Tex Ticket Numbering:
To convert any Tex Number to a Ticket Number value: divide 1,000 by the Tex number and multiply by 3.  [ Tkt. = (1000/Tex No.) X 3 ]



For Metric Ticket Numbering:


They can simply denote:
Higher the ticket number, finer the thread.
Lower the ticket number, coarser the thread.

What is Thread Ticket Number | Garments Sewing Thread Numbering Systems

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Yarn counting or numbering system is the universal numerical expression for measuring yarn and thread coarseness or fineness. We can use count for both thread and yarn. Thread and yarn is not similar to use. They are also different in construction. Normally yarns are used to weaving and may be plied or single whereas thread is frequently used for sewing purposes and always contain two or more plies. When we use thread for garments sewing we frequently see that thread suppliers mention thread ticket number as well as count. Since thread is made always by two or more plies of yarn therefore counting system of thread is not similar like normal yarn count.



Thread Numbering or Counting:
When we will use counting system of thread like as 27 tex, 40 tex, 60 tex, 80 tex (Tex), it is simply followed the tex numbering system.

For direct system of thread numbering Tex is very popular. Tex is defined as weight of 1000 meters thread in grams.
For example, Tex 60 – a length of 1000 meters of thread will gives 60 grams of weight.

When we use 20/2, 20/3, 20/4 or 40/2 (English Count) then we can find out the resultant count by calculating the resultant count.

When more than one ply of yarn is twisted into a thread, finding the resultant size of the thread by considering all the plies becomes necessary.

For Indirect Counting System or Fixed Weight System: Resultant size = Individual yarn count / Number of plies

For Direct Counting System  In fixed length systems: Resultant size = Individual yarn count x Number of plies
In case of sewing necessary if you need thread of any count then a  particular resultant size can be made with any number of plies.

Ticket Numbering
Suppliers may ask you about the ticket number you want to purchase then you have to provide the ticket numbers of desired thread.Ticket numbering is a commercial numbering system. Ticket numbers are merely the manufacturer’s reference numbers for the size of a given thread.
The Metric Count, Cotton Count and Denier Systems use ticket numbering system to give an easy approximation of the specific size of the finished thread.

Depends on the nature of fiber as well as thread making process, ticket numbers will vary as it is not the same as in another.  For example, Ticket 75 Cotton is not the same as Ticket 75 mono-filament thread.

For Tex Ticket Numbering:
To convert any Tex Number to a Ticket Number value: divide 1,000 by the Tex number and multiply by 3.  [ Tkt. = (1000/Tex No.) X 3 ]



For Metric Ticket Numbering:


They can simply denote:
Higher the ticket number, finer the thread.
Lower the ticket number, coarser the thread.
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Count: Yarns  as well as threads are expressed using number to specify them. Yarn count refers to the thickness of a yarn and is determined by its mass per unit length or length per unit mass. It is important to know various numbering systems and their relationships in understanding yarn and thread size specifications. Yarn counting system is of two types. They are -

Direct Counting System (Length fixed but weight variable):
  • Tex 
  • Denier
  • Jute Count
Indirect Counting System (Weight fixed but length variable):
  • English
  • Metric
  • Worsted
Tex: The yarn number or count in the Tex system is the weight in grams of 1000m or 1 km of yarn.

Denier: The yarn count in the denier system is the weight in grams of 9000m or 9 km of yarn.
Pounds per Spyndle: The yarn count in pounds per spindle is the weight in pounds of 14,400yards of yarn. This counting system is commonly known as jute count.

English: It is defined as the number of hanks (840 yards) per pounds. It is denoted by Ne.

Metric: It is defined as the number of hanks (1000 m) per kg. It is defined by Nm.
Worsted: It is defined as the number of hanks (560 yards) per pounds.

Lea Count  = 48/ (Pounds/Spyndle)


Usually, Metric count is used to describe synthetic, spun and corespun yarn and  thread while English count is used to specify cotton yarn and thread. Filament or spandex yarn and threads are normally expressed with Decitex or Denier.

As these counts are used frequently therefore see the below table for better understanding


Count Conversion Laws:

Using the table below will enable you to perform a simple conversion from one system to another. 


Yarn Count | Thread Numbering System | Count Conversion Laws

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Count: Yarns  as well as threads are expressed using number to specify them. Yarn count refers to the thickness of a yarn and is determined by its mass per unit length or length per unit mass. It is important to know various numbering systems and their relationships in understanding yarn and thread size specifications. Yarn counting system is of two types. They are -

Direct Counting System (Length fixed but weight variable):
  • Tex 
  • Denier
  • Jute Count
Indirect Counting System (Weight fixed but length variable):
  • English
  • Metric
  • Worsted
Tex: The yarn number or count in the Tex system is the weight in grams of 1000m or 1 km of yarn.

Denier: The yarn count in the denier system is the weight in grams of 9000m or 9 km of yarn.
Pounds per Spyndle: The yarn count in pounds per spindle is the weight in pounds of 14,400yards of yarn. This counting system is commonly known as jute count.

English: It is defined as the number of hanks (840 yards) per pounds. It is denoted by Ne.

Metric: It is defined as the number of hanks (1000 m) per kg. It is defined by Nm.
Worsted: It is defined as the number of hanks (560 yards) per pounds.

Lea Count  = 48/ (Pounds/Spyndle)


Usually, Metric count is used to describe synthetic, spun and corespun yarn and  thread while English count is used to specify cotton yarn and thread. Filament or spandex yarn and threads are normally expressed with Decitex or Denier.

As these counts are used frequently therefore see the below table for better understanding


Count Conversion Laws:

Using the table below will enable you to perform a simple conversion from one system to another. 


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Open ended (OE) or break spinning is referred to as rotor spinning where process sequence is less than combed as well as carded yarn. Roving formation in simplex machine is not required to rotor spinning where drawn slivers are fed to the machine directly. Production rate of OE spinning system is higher than ring spinning where coarse yarns are made within a range of 5 to 40 cotton count. Medium to low quality yarns are produced here used for making denim, dungaree, twill, chino as well as any heavy fabric. Local use of rotor yarn is sometimes higher than ring spun yarns. Rotor spinning is much popular in use due to the high production rate, less wastage percentage as well as highly usable in denim to make blue jeans.


OE or Rotor Spinning flow chart is given below:

Fiber/Bale →    Blow Room →     Lap
↓
Lap    →   Carding   →   Sliver (Carded)
↓
Carded Sliver →  1st Drawing frame   →   Drawn Sliver
↓
Drawn Sliver   →   2nd Drawing frame →   Drawn Sliver
↓
Drawn Sliver   →   Rotor Spinning   → Rotor Yarn
↓
Winding
↓
Reeling
↓
Bundling
↓
Bailing


Now a day’s chute feed system is very much popular than conventional lap feed system in case of blow room lap feeding.

Rotor Spinning | Open End (OE) Spinning | Flowchart of Rotor Yarn

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Open ended (OE) or break spinning is referred to as rotor spinning where process sequence is less than combed as well as carded yarn. Roving formation in simplex machine is not required to rotor spinning where drawn slivers are fed to the machine directly. Production rate of OE spinning system is higher than ring spinning where coarse yarns are made within a range of 5 to 40 cotton count. Medium to low quality yarns are produced here used for making denim, dungaree, twill, chino as well as any heavy fabric. Local use of rotor yarn is sometimes higher than ring spun yarns. Rotor spinning is much popular in use due to the high production rate, less wastage percentage as well as highly usable in denim to make blue jeans.


OE or Rotor Spinning flow chart is given below:

Fiber/Bale →    Blow Room →     Lap
↓
Lap    →   Carding   →   Sliver (Carded)
↓
Carded Sliver →  1st Drawing frame   →   Drawn Sliver
↓
Drawn Sliver   →   2nd Drawing frame →   Drawn Sliver
↓
Drawn Sliver   →   Rotor Spinning   → Rotor Yarn
↓
Winding
↓
Reeling
↓
Bundling
↓
Bailing


Now a day’s chute feed system is very much popular than conventional lap feed system in case of blow room lap feeding.
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