Different Types of Dry Process for Denim Washing

Dry process in case of denim washing is now very common, buyers frequently ask for it because of new trend of fashion. To create an old-vintage look on denim pants, jackets or trousers different types of dry processes apply before basic washing. The common dry processes are mentioned as below.

• HAND BRUSH
• WHISKER
• 3D WHISKER
• CRINKLE
• 3D WRINKLE
• CHEVRON
• PATCH GRINDING
• HEM GRINDING
• TACKING
• NICKING
• PP SPRAY
• HIGHLIGHTING
• RESIN
• CURING

PP(KMnO4) spray

Potassium permanganate spray is done on jeans to take a bright effect on sand blast area. One important thing about the potassium permanganate spray is, this is usually a sporting process to increase the effect of sand blast. Potassium permanganate solution is sprayed on the blasted area of jeans garment with the help of a normal spray gun. This potassium permanganate spray appears pink on the garment when fresh and turns to muddy brown on drying. The garment is hanged in open to dry after potassium permanganate spray and when the potassium permanganate turns its colors completely then it is considered to ready for the next process.

It is always followed by neutralization process. Sodium Meta bi-sulphate is most commonly used neutralizer. A number of products are available in the market for the neutralization process like sodium meta bi-sulphate selected on the bases of effect required on blasted area.

Sand Blast

Sand blasting is the process of scrubbing off the garment by blowing high speed air mixed with very fine particles of sand. This is a very successful and most widely used process for fashion articles. When the surface area of the garment is blasted, white cotton appears beneath the blasted area and the affected appears are very similar to the worn out jeans.

Sand blast provides a very uniform result which cannot be achieved with its alternates. Its specialty is the merging effect that is blended with such a beauty that it has no difference with natural effects.

Destroy & Grinding

distressing or grinding is the process of destruction on jeans form edges of the garment. When we look at old jeans we find it destroyed from the edges of pockets, fly area, belt and bottom. This used effect can be created on jeans by grinding and is of key importance in high fashion garments.

Grinding is done of garments by pen type of stone tools. It can be done in mid of the wash process. In many workshops it is done before any wash process as a first process after stitching. Stone tools similar to grinders used in wood and stone industry are utilized to work on garments with a few amendments to their design.

Tacking/Tagging

Tacking or more commonly tag pinning is a very in fashion style in denim garment in these days. In this process the effect is created by swift tag machines with the help of plastic or nylon tag pins in rigid form of garment to get contrast.

Usually tag pin machines are used to attach tag pins to garment. The procedure is very simple and proceeds as; garment is folded on required area and tacked through folds.

Hand Sand

Sand ballasting with paper, commonly known as scrapping is the most widely used process for creating the blasting effect. It is usually done by mounting the garment on rubber balloons. After mounting the garment air balloon is filled with air to expose the area to operate. It is important to fill the pressure.

Hand sand is the step which is generally being done in rigid form of garments to get the distressed look. Locations can be front thigh & back seat or its can be overall / global application as per the Standard. Emery paper is being used to scrape the garments in particular placement & design. Emery paper comes in different number generally start from 40 till 600 and above , higher the number finer the emery paper, lower the coarseness of the paper. In the garment industry from 220 , 320 & 400 number papers are most popular & widely used.

Ripping, Pilling & Cuts

These effects are created where to copy a real worn out and roughly used jeans. These are created by using sharp edge tool line clippers, blades and knives.

Warp yarn is cut by a knife and the white weft yarn is left in place to create a beautiful worn out effect. The garment with cuts is then washed in washers to reveal the white the white thread. This makes the horizontal white lines of weft and if some dye is added to wash bath it will add more beauty to the garment. The secret is the cuts are always kept weft wise i.e. in horizontal to the garment. This will keep the weft in place and warp will be removed in the washing process. If it lets the warp is cut then the only thing you get after wash is a big hole.

3D Whiskers

Resin ( Formaldehyde free ) being used for achieving 3D effect ( 3 Dimensional ), Rigid Look etc. This process can be done by spraying or dipping the garments in to Resin, Catalyst, Silicone & PU solution in right combination according to the fabric strength & desired effect needed.

After application of resin solution in right proportion, make manual designing as needed on the thigh, hip & back knee area to get 3Dimentional effect. After making it , it should be manually dried with hot press or hair dryer & then must

be cured in oven at right temperature, time as mentioned in resin product manual.

Different Types of Dry Process for Denim Washing

No comments

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Dry process in case of denim washing is now very common, buyers frequently ask for it because of new trend of fashion. To create an old-vintage look on denim pants, jackets or trousers different types of dry processes apply before basic washing. The common dry processes are mentioned as below.

• HAND BRUSH
• WHISKER
• 3D WHISKER
• CRINKLE
• 3D WRINKLE
• CHEVRON
• PATCH GRINDING
• HEM GRINDING
• TACKING
• NICKING
• PP SPRAY
• HIGHLIGHTING
• RESIN
• CURING

PP(KMnO4) spray

Potassium permanganate spray is done on jeans to take a bright effect on sand blast area. One important thing about the potassium permanganate spray is, this is usually a sporting process to increase the effect of sand blast. Potassium permanganate solution is sprayed on the blasted area of jeans garment with the help of a normal spray gun. This potassium permanganate spray appears pink on the garment when fresh and turns to muddy brown on drying. The garment is hanged in open to dry after potassium permanganate spray and when the potassium permanganate turns its colors completely then it is considered to ready for the next process.

It is always followed by neutralization process. Sodium Meta bi-sulphate is most commonly used neutralizer. A number of products are available in the market for the neutralization process like sodium meta bi-sulphate selected on the bases of effect required on blasted area.

Sand Blast

Sand blasting is the process of scrubbing off the garment by blowing high speed air mixed with very fine particles of sand. This is a very successful and most widely used process for fashion articles. When the surface area of the garment is blasted, white cotton appears beneath the blasted area and the affected appears are very similar to the worn out jeans.

Sand blast provides a very uniform result which cannot be achieved with its alternates. Its specialty is the merging effect that is blended with such a beauty that it has no difference with natural effects.

Destroy & Grinding

distressing or grinding is the process of destruction on jeans form edges of the garment. When we look at old jeans we find it destroyed from the edges of pockets, fly area, belt and bottom. This used effect can be created on jeans by grinding and is of key importance in high fashion garments.

Grinding is done of garments by pen type of stone tools. It can be done in mid of the wash process. In many workshops it is done before any wash process as a first process after stitching. Stone tools similar to grinders used in wood and stone industry are utilized to work on garments with a few amendments to their design.

Tacking/Tagging

Tacking or more commonly tag pinning is a very in fashion style in denim garment in these days. In this process the effect is created by swift tag machines with the help of plastic or nylon tag pins in rigid form of garment to get contrast.

Usually tag pin machines are used to attach tag pins to garment. The procedure is very simple and proceeds as; garment is folded on required area and tacked through folds.

Hand Sand

Sand ballasting with paper, commonly known as scrapping is the most widely used process for creating the blasting effect. It is usually done by mounting the garment on rubber balloons. After mounting the garment air balloon is filled with air to expose the area to operate. It is important to fill the pressure.

Hand sand is the step which is generally being done in rigid form of garments to get the distressed look. Locations can be front thigh & back seat or its can be overall / global application as per the Standard. Emery paper is being used to scrape the garments in particular placement & design. Emery paper comes in different number generally start from 40 till 600 and above , higher the number finer the emery paper, lower the coarseness of the paper. In the garment industry from 220 , 320 & 400 number papers are most popular & widely used.

Ripping, Pilling & Cuts

These effects are created where to copy a real worn out and roughly used jeans. These are created by using sharp edge tool line clippers, blades and knives.

Warp yarn is cut by a knife and the white weft yarn is left in place to create a beautiful worn out effect. The garment with cuts is then washed in washers to reveal the white the white thread. This makes the horizontal white lines of weft and if some dye is added to wash bath it will add more beauty to the garment. The secret is the cuts are always kept weft wise i.e. in horizontal to the garment. This will keep the weft in place and warp will be removed in the washing process. If it lets the warp is cut then the only thing you get after wash is a big hole.

3D Whiskers

Resin ( Formaldehyde free ) being used for achieving 3D effect ( 3 Dimensional ), Rigid Look etc. This process can be done by spraying or dipping the garments in to Resin, Catalyst, Silicone & PU solution in right combination according to the fabric strength & desired effect needed.

After application of resin solution in right proportion, make manual designing as needed on the thigh, hip & back knee area to get 3Dimentional effect. After making it , it should be manually dried with hot press or hair dryer & then must

be cured in oven at right temperature, time as mentioned in resin product manual.

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Denim Washing | Different Types of Denim Washing

 

In today's trend Denim has achieved much preference to teenagers as well as baby to adult as blue jeans. According to the fashionable denim garments, subjected to versatile washing techniques to obtain a worn, vintage look with various effects like as hand sand, whiskers, 3D, Nicking, Destroy etc. To produce a fading effect is the main object of denim washing without affecting the main body fabrics and patchiness, crinkles, seam puckering, hairiness, de-pilling, softened-hand feel, stabilized dimensions etc.

Denim washing involves some consecutive processes like as below-

• Pretreatment ( De-sizing, Rinsing, Scouring etc)
• Basic Washing (Enzyme, Stone, Bleach, Sand Blast, Acid, Garment or Rinse)
• Cleaning process
• Bleaching
• Tinting (Dyeing)
• Softening Process

Enzyme Washing
Basically denim washing directly involves to enzymatic treatments to obtain old, faded as well as vintage look of the garments. This is a bio-catalytic method wherein an ultra-soft handle effect can be produced on denim. The hydrolytic effect of enzymes causes the loss of surface fiber or projecting fiber, which improves surface smoothness and softness of the fabric. Enzyme reduces colors from the surface of the body and the effects of fading depends on the timing and availability of enzyme in the bath.

Stone Washing
This method is most common and is used to give denim an 'old-look'. Volcanic Pumice stone is one of the most important components used to abrade the surface of the fabric to obtain a surface pattern effect with color contrast and soft - handle. In this process, the fibers on the surface of the fabric are broken and removed and the inner white fibers of the warp yarn are gradually exposed. Natural patterns can be formed as the degree of abrasions varies in various parts of the garment.


Bleach Washing
This process is usually done without stones by using an oxidative bleaching agent like hypochlorite or peroxide bleaching. Before bleach washing enzymatic treatment of denim might be required. Sodium hypochlorite is normally used as it is cheap, convenient and quick. Other agents used are sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate.


Sand Blasting
This process is used to obtain localized abrasion effect. Usually, aluminum oxide granules are blasted onto the garment surface at a very high speed. The abrasion force rubs off the indigo-dyed fibres.

Denim Washing | Different Types of Denim Washing

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In today's trend Denim has achieved much preference to teenagers as well as baby to adult as blue jeans. According to the fashionable denim garments, subjected to versatile washing techniques to obtain a worn, vintage look with various effects like as hand sand, whiskers, 3D, Nicking, Destroy etc. To produce a fading effect is the main object of denim washing without affecting the main body fabrics and patchiness, crinkles, seam puckering, hairiness, de-pilling, softened-hand feel, stabilized dimensions etc.

Denim washing involves some consecutive processes like as below-

• Pretreatment ( De-sizing, Rinsing, Scouring etc)
• Basic Washing (Enzyme, Stone, Bleach, Sand Blast, Acid, Garment or Rinse)
• Cleaning process
• Bleaching
• Tinting (Dyeing)
• Softening Process

Enzyme Washing
Basically denim washing directly involves to enzymatic treatments to obtain old, faded as well as vintage look of the garments. This is a bio-catalytic method wherein an ultra-soft handle effect can be produced on denim. The hydrolytic effect of enzymes causes the loss of surface fiber or projecting fiber, which improves surface smoothness and softness of the fabric. Enzyme reduces colors from the surface of the body and the effects of fading depends on the timing and availability of enzyme in the bath.

Stone Washing
This method is most common and is used to give denim an 'old-look'. Volcanic Pumice stone is one of the most important components used to abrade the surface of the fabric to obtain a surface pattern effect with color contrast and soft - handle. In this process, the fibers on the surface of the fabric are broken and removed and the inner white fibers of the warp yarn are gradually exposed. Natural patterns can be formed as the degree of abrasions varies in various parts of the garment.


Bleach Washing
This process is usually done without stones by using an oxidative bleaching agent like hypochlorite or peroxide bleaching. Before bleach washing enzymatic treatment of denim might be required. Sodium hypochlorite is normally used as it is cheap, convenient and quick. Other agents used are sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate.


Sand Blasting
This process is used to obtain localized abrasion effect. Usually, aluminum oxide granules are blasted onto the garment surface at a very high speed. The abrasion force rubs off the indigo-dyed fibres.

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Dip dyeing is becoming more popular in Garments dyeing

Garments Dyeing: Garment dyeing is a process of imparting color materials to fully fashioned garments like as shirts, pants, twill garments, jackets, pullover, T-shirt, Polo shirt, sweaters etc. The garments are usually dyed before finishing with various trimmings or accessories. In textile coloration it is not so far initiated in our country but it is more popular outside our country like as France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Canada, North America, turkey, Israel, Japan, USA, Uk, China etc.

Garment dyeing is an opposition of the conventional method of making garments from previously dyed fabrics. Knitted fabrics, twill weave fabrics and/or other woven fabrics made from cotton yarns are subjected to garment dyeing.  Garments made of cotton material are easy to dye up but besides cotton several other fabrics can be found in whole or partially made of wool, silk, nylon, polyester or acrylic are subjected to garment dyeing.

Dip Dyeing: In garments dyeing, dip dyeing is becoming more popular day by day as the fashion trend and customer demand. Due to cheap and easy process it is as popular to the manufacturers.  It is also as called gradient dyeing. It is the process, the fully fashioned garments are arranged to dip into a dye bath (vessel, bucket, bowl etc) accordingly a pre-determined area or height. This process runs again and again. According to demand, garments are to be soaked into dye bath up to a certain limit for enough time. To dye up the garment as deeper shade to light shade from bottom to top the gradient time will be maintained for certain area of the garment.


Process flowchart for DIP Dyeing

•  Scouring (80°C)
• Neutralization (With Acetic Acid)
• Enzyme (At 45°C Temp and PH-4.5-5.5)
• Dyeing (90°C Temp for 3-5 Minutes)
• After Treatment (Fixing Agent)
• Softener (Commercial Softening Agent)
• Bath Drop

Normally garment dyeing runs with two types dyestuffs available in the market.

    1. Direct Dyes
    2. Reactive Dyes
    a) Hot Brad
    b) Cold Brand

For dip dyeing we use direct dye though it has low color fastness property, moreover it takes less time for color fixation

 Necessary Items:

•     Dye Bath ( Vessel, bucket, bowl or any other container)
•     Hanger
•     Washing Machine
•     Stirrer
•     Rubber gloves

Pretreatment: As the fabric is not ready for dyeing after making cloths, it is treated with caustic soda and peroxide solution to perform pretreatment process which helps to make it more absorbent and free from natural color as well as other impurities.






Recipe:

• Caustic Soda (NaOH)-2gm/l
• Per-Oxide (H2O2)-4gm/l
• Detergent-1gm/l
• Temp-80°C
• Time-15min

Working Procedure: A lot of garments are now taken into the dyeing machine for easy performing the pretreatment process (Good to know that, scouring, dyeing or any normal wash can also be done into a washing machine). Now add Caustic Soda, Hydrogen peroxide and Detergents according to the above recipe. Now maintain the liquor ratio at 1:10 at 80°C. Now perform this treatment for 15 minutes. Well scoured garments are treated as more absorbent, where color permanency will be high. In this process the garments are to be more absorbent, removing the natural or unwanted colors to make genuine white, oils as well as other impurities. Good scouring plays an important role during dyeing, color fastness and appearance. The whole materials are now subjected to rinse wash to remove the caustic and other chemicals. Now the garments are neutralized with Acetic Acid so that any of the caustic soda does not exist with the material. The PH of Acetic acid should be kept into 4.5 to 5.

Note: If the garments are made with zipper of cotton tape frequently be torn during the scouring process, so nylon or polyester tape is recommended to use here.

Enzyme: After scouring process the full quantity of garment needs to treat with enzyme which will help to remove the hairiness and projectile fibers as well as make the garments ready for dyeing. You can use Acid enzyme as 2gm/l at 45-55°C for 15 minutes. After enzymatic treatment one or two rinse wash to be done for washing it properly. (PH during enzymatic treatment keeps in 4.5 to 5)

Recipe: We have used this for dyeing 380 Pcs baby girls shorts.

• Direct Dye-355gm
• Salt (Glubar Salt)-10gm/l
• Labeling & Wetting Agent-1gm/l
• Water-2500L
• Temp-95°C
• Time-5min

Working Procedure:  Make the dye bath ready with direct dye as normal dyeing procedure. At first we will be sure the garment is made from scoured and bleached fabric, otherwise scouring or pre treatment will have to complete. After adding dyes, salt and wetting agents it needs to stir to make the dye bath properly. For getting more color fastness and reduce fixation hours we can use some binding agents as we need. The temperature of dye bath remains around 90-95°C.

The garment which is used to dyeing need to attach with hanger or something else to hang it from, then water uses to wet the garment properly before taking it underneath the dye bath. Now start to place the garment into the dye bath as desired height. You may require helps in doing this so as not to spill the dye everywhere. Once the garment has been soaking in the dye bath for long enough time then remove it carefully so that color spot does not transfer to the non-dyed portion. If so, run the garment, from non-dyed section to dyed section, under warm water until water runs clear. This will remove any excess dye from the garment. Continue the process till your desired shade is developed and maintain the shade at different areas of the garment. To get as deeper to lighter shade at bottom to top you can soak the garment into dye bath as long enough time. The process of dip dyeing is not so crucial but it takes extra precautions, care and many more times. During dyeing it will take spraying some water to the garment to wet it and helps to absorb colors by the material.


Once your desired shade produced it needs to take it into a washing machine.

After Treatment: It is the process usually doing after dyeing for color fixation and color permanency as well as improving the color fastness. This is a chemical treatment so as for this a typical recipe is given below.

Recipe:

• Commercial Fixer-0.5gm/l
• Softener (Cationic)-0.5 gm/l
• Temp-40°C
• Time-3-5 minutes
• M:L ratio- 1:10

Working Procedure: After completing the dyeing it will be required some process to have sufficient dye molecules penetration to the most inner part of the fibers. In the dye bath now adds the fixing agent (Commercial Fixer) according to the recipe. Temperature in this bath will keep at 40°C and treatment time is 3-5 minutes. By this treatment the material will be treated as finally colored. Most of the dye particles will finally enter into the core of fibers and the fiber will swell at some extent so that the pores of fibers will be reduced and dye materials cannot come out from the innermost part. It will increase the color fastness of the materials. Before this treatment is started a rinse wash will be done to remove extra dyes which adhere with the materials and after this process also another rinse will be done to remove unfixable dyes or sediment dyes at the bottom of the dye bath. Now softener is added to the bath to make the material softer, improving hand feel and brightness.

Now just hanging up the garments for 20 minutes to squeeze extra water (Do not use hydro extractor to reduce staining or uneven color adhering). You can use oven to dry the garments as well, you can get prominence color performance without staining or shade variation. Now the garments are cured at curing chamber at 150-200°C to dry finally and properly. You can use dryer for a while at the final stage.

Over Dyeing in Garments: When a fully fashioned garment is dyed for another color though it can be used as wearing dress, this technique is so called over dyeing. Usually coloration is performed over a consisting color on to a garment is referred as garments over dyeing. As an example when a purple colored fully ready garments are supposed to be subjected for red color it may call as over dyeing. There is a common concept among the garments trade peoples, when a garment is dyed with its whole area is known as garments dyeing but when color imparts fully or partially over garments can be defined as garments over dyeing, because it could be used as wearing dress before this coloration.  In garments dyeing normally two types of dyestuffs are used such as Direct Dye and Reactive Dye. The garments which are required to dye up should be made of cotton fiber though many of them are now produced with combination of other fibers as blends. Dyeing procedure of over dyeing is as like as other normal dyeing arrangements but here some extra precautions and care must be taken. At present the garments washing plants are capable to make the garments over dyeing. If the garments which are white in color and can use as dress are subjected for dyeing is also known as over dyeing.

Garments Tie Dyeing: Tie means make a knot to garments different places as if they cannot come in contact with dyes or chemicals during dyeing. It is as like as batik printing method. A garment is tied at different places prior to dyeing; as a result whole garments will be colorful remaining the tied places un-dyed. Indeed this technique is known as garments tie dyeing and now is becoming so popular in the world garments trade.

Dip dyeing is becoming more popular in Garments dyeing

No comments

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Garments Dyeing: Garment dyeing is a process of imparting color materials to fully fashioned garments like as shirts, pants, twill garments, jackets, pullover, T-shirt, Polo shirt, sweaters etc. The garments are usually dyed before finishing with various trimmings or accessories. In textile coloration it is not so far initiated in our country but it is more popular outside our country like as France, Italy, Spain, Germany, Canada, North America, turkey, Israel, Japan, USA, Uk, China etc.

Garment dyeing is an opposition of the conventional method of making garments from previously dyed fabrics. Knitted fabrics, twill weave fabrics and/or other woven fabrics made from cotton yarns are subjected to garment dyeing.  Garments made of cotton material are easy to dye up but besides cotton several other fabrics can be found in whole or partially made of wool, silk, nylon, polyester or acrylic are subjected to garment dyeing.

Dip Dyeing: In garments dyeing, dip dyeing is becoming more popular day by day as the fashion trend and customer demand. Due to cheap and easy process it is as popular to the manufacturers.  It is also as called gradient dyeing. It is the process, the fully fashioned garments are arranged to dip into a dye bath (vessel, bucket, bowl etc) accordingly a pre-determined area or height. This process runs again and again. According to demand, garments are to be soaked into dye bath up to a certain limit for enough time. To dye up the garment as deeper shade to light shade from bottom to top the gradient time will be maintained for certain area of the garment.


Process flowchart for DIP Dyeing

•  Scouring (80°C)
• Neutralization (With Acetic Acid)
• Enzyme (At 45°C Temp and PH-4.5-5.5)
• Dyeing (90°C Temp for 3-5 Minutes)
• After Treatment (Fixing Agent)
• Softener (Commercial Softening Agent)
• Bath Drop

Normally garment dyeing runs with two types dyestuffs available in the market.

    1. Direct Dyes
    2. Reactive Dyes
    a) Hot Brad
    b) Cold Brand

For dip dyeing we use direct dye though it has low color fastness property, moreover it takes less time for color fixation

 Necessary Items:

•     Dye Bath ( Vessel, bucket, bowl or any other container)
•     Hanger
•     Washing Machine
•     Stirrer
•     Rubber gloves

Pretreatment: As the fabric is not ready for dyeing after making cloths, it is treated with caustic soda and peroxide solution to perform pretreatment process which helps to make it more absorbent and free from natural color as well as other impurities.






Recipe:

• Caustic Soda (NaOH)-2gm/l
• Per-Oxide (H2O2)-4gm/l
• Detergent-1gm/l
• Temp-80°C
• Time-15min

Working Procedure: A lot of garments are now taken into the dyeing machine for easy performing the pretreatment process (Good to know that, scouring, dyeing or any normal wash can also be done into a washing machine). Now add Caustic Soda, Hydrogen peroxide and Detergents according to the above recipe. Now maintain the liquor ratio at 1:10 at 80°C. Now perform this treatment for 15 minutes. Well scoured garments are treated as more absorbent, where color permanency will be high. In this process the garments are to be more absorbent, removing the natural or unwanted colors to make genuine white, oils as well as other impurities. Good scouring plays an important role during dyeing, color fastness and appearance. The whole materials are now subjected to rinse wash to remove the caustic and other chemicals. Now the garments are neutralized with Acetic Acid so that any of the caustic soda does not exist with the material. The PH of Acetic acid should be kept into 4.5 to 5.

Note: If the garments are made with zipper of cotton tape frequently be torn during the scouring process, so nylon or polyester tape is recommended to use here.

Enzyme: After scouring process the full quantity of garment needs to treat with enzyme which will help to remove the hairiness and projectile fibers as well as make the garments ready for dyeing. You can use Acid enzyme as 2gm/l at 45-55°C for 15 minutes. After enzymatic treatment one or two rinse wash to be done for washing it properly. (PH during enzymatic treatment keeps in 4.5 to 5)

Recipe: We have used this for dyeing 380 Pcs baby girls shorts.

• Direct Dye-355gm
• Salt (Glubar Salt)-10gm/l
• Labeling & Wetting Agent-1gm/l
• Water-2500L
• Temp-95°C
• Time-5min

Working Procedure:  Make the dye bath ready with direct dye as normal dyeing procedure. At first we will be sure the garment is made from scoured and bleached fabric, otherwise scouring or pre treatment will have to complete. After adding dyes, salt and wetting agents it needs to stir to make the dye bath properly. For getting more color fastness and reduce fixation hours we can use some binding agents as we need. The temperature of dye bath remains around 90-95°C.

The garment which is used to dyeing need to attach with hanger or something else to hang it from, then water uses to wet the garment properly before taking it underneath the dye bath. Now start to place the garment into the dye bath as desired height. You may require helps in doing this so as not to spill the dye everywhere. Once the garment has been soaking in the dye bath for long enough time then remove it carefully so that color spot does not transfer to the non-dyed portion. If so, run the garment, from non-dyed section to dyed section, under warm water until water runs clear. This will remove any excess dye from the garment. Continue the process till your desired shade is developed and maintain the shade at different areas of the garment. To get as deeper to lighter shade at bottom to top you can soak the garment into dye bath as long enough time. The process of dip dyeing is not so crucial but it takes extra precautions, care and many more times. During dyeing it will take spraying some water to the garment to wet it and helps to absorb colors by the material.


Once your desired shade produced it needs to take it into a washing machine.

After Treatment: It is the process usually doing after dyeing for color fixation and color permanency as well as improving the color fastness. This is a chemical treatment so as for this a typical recipe is given below.

Recipe:

• Commercial Fixer-0.5gm/l
• Softener (Cationic)-0.5 gm/l
• Temp-40°C
• Time-3-5 minutes
• M:L ratio- 1:10

Working Procedure: After completing the dyeing it will be required some process to have sufficient dye molecules penetration to the most inner part of the fibers. In the dye bath now adds the fixing agent (Commercial Fixer) according to the recipe. Temperature in this bath will keep at 40°C and treatment time is 3-5 minutes. By this treatment the material will be treated as finally colored. Most of the dye particles will finally enter into the core of fibers and the fiber will swell at some extent so that the pores of fibers will be reduced and dye materials cannot come out from the innermost part. It will increase the color fastness of the materials. Before this treatment is started a rinse wash will be done to remove extra dyes which adhere with the materials and after this process also another rinse will be done to remove unfixable dyes or sediment dyes at the bottom of the dye bath. Now softener is added to the bath to make the material softer, improving hand feel and brightness.

Now just hanging up the garments for 20 minutes to squeeze extra water (Do not use hydro extractor to reduce staining or uneven color adhering). You can use oven to dry the garments as well, you can get prominence color performance without staining or shade variation. Now the garments are cured at curing chamber at 150-200°C to dry finally and properly. You can use dryer for a while at the final stage.

Over Dyeing in Garments: When a fully fashioned garment is dyed for another color though it can be used as wearing dress, this technique is so called over dyeing. Usually coloration is performed over a consisting color on to a garment is referred as garments over dyeing. As an example when a purple colored fully ready garments are supposed to be subjected for red color it may call as over dyeing. There is a common concept among the garments trade peoples, when a garment is dyed with its whole area is known as garments dyeing but when color imparts fully or partially over garments can be defined as garments over dyeing, because it could be used as wearing dress before this coloration.  In garments dyeing normally two types of dyestuffs are used such as Direct Dye and Reactive Dye. The garments which are required to dye up should be made of cotton fiber though many of them are now produced with combination of other fibers as blends. Dyeing procedure of over dyeing is as like as other normal dyeing arrangements but here some extra precautions and care must be taken. At present the garments washing plants are capable to make the garments over dyeing. If the garments which are white in color and can use as dress are subjected for dyeing is also known as over dyeing.

Garments Tie Dyeing: Tie means make a knot to garments different places as if they cannot come in contact with dyes or chemicals during dyeing. It is as like as batik printing method. A garment is tied at different places prior to dyeing; as a result whole garments will be colorful remaining the tied places un-dyed. Indeed this technique is known as garments tie dyeing and now is becoming so popular in the world garments trade.

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