Coir Fiber Properties and Common Application

Coir is a multi-cellular natural bast fiber. It is extracted from the tissues surrounding the seed of the coconut palm. The scientific name of coconut plant is Cocos nucifera. Coir fibers are made from two different types coconut, brown fiber which is obtained from mature coconuts and finer white fiber which is extracted from immature green coconuts after soaking for up to 10 months. Both the raw materials of coconut palm result in fiber types with slightly different characteristics. This coconut plant is truly a source of renewable raw materials for both food and non-food products.

The coconut tree grows in lots of nations of the entire world. But the coir fiber industry is only fully developed in a few countries. Around just 30% of the entirely accessible coconut husks will be highly processed to have coir fiber. Coir fiber production provides work and also revenue to several thousands of countryside, generally poor and rural people in the important producing countries such as India and also Sri Lanka. Coir is also developed far away such as Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam and also South America. Coir fiber production typically takes small place and is a tiny family businesses.

Features of Coir Fiber

1. Coir is a stiff, less flexible and  without softness.

2. Fiber length is up to 35 cm with a diameter of 12-25 microns.

3. This husk fiber contains the maximum amount of lignin among all the other natural fibers.

4. Tensile strength of Coir fiber is low compared to abaca.

5. White coir is made from unripe coconut, brown coir is made from ripe coconut

6. Coir fiber has good resistance to microbial action and salt water damage.

7. This fiber has great affinity to basic dye, acid dye and direct dye.






Application of Coir Fiber

Coir fiber has a great variety of applications at domestic as well as official decorative purpose.

1. It is widely used for floor mats, door mats, brushes, mattresses etc.

2. Common uses for brown coir fiber are in upholstery padding, sacking and horticulture.

3. It is used in handicraft industry and shell of coconut is used for button making as well.

4. This material is also used for electric insulation and packaging.

5. Brown coir fibers together to be used as upholstery padding for automobile industry.

6. This fiber is recommended substitute for sphagnum moss because it is free of bacteria and fungal spores.

7. It is not spoiled into water thus rope can make which is used at ship & boat.

Coir Fiber Properties and Common Application

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Coir is a multi-cellular natural bast fiber. It is extracted from the tissues surrounding the seed of the coconut palm. The scientific name of coconut plant is Cocos nucifera. Coir fibers are made from two different types coconut, brown fiber which is obtained from mature coconuts and finer white fiber which is extracted from immature green coconuts after soaking for up to 10 months. Both the raw materials of coconut palm result in fiber types with slightly different characteristics. This coconut plant is truly a source of renewable raw materials for both food and non-food products.

The coconut tree grows in lots of nations of the entire world. But the coir fiber industry is only fully developed in a few countries. Around just 30% of the entirely accessible coconut husks will be highly processed to have coir fiber. Coir fiber production provides work and also revenue to several thousands of countryside, generally poor and rural people in the important producing countries such as India and also Sri Lanka. Coir is also developed far away such as Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam and also South America. Coir fiber production typically takes small place and is a tiny family businesses.

Features of Coir Fiber

1. Coir is a stiff, less flexible and  without softness.

2. Fiber length is up to 35 cm with a diameter of 12-25 microns.

3. This husk fiber contains the maximum amount of lignin among all the other natural fibers.

4. Tensile strength of Coir fiber is low compared to abaca.

5. White coir is made from unripe coconut, brown coir is made from ripe coconut

6. Coir fiber has good resistance to microbial action and salt water damage.

7. This fiber has great affinity to basic dye, acid dye and direct dye.






Application of Coir Fiber

Coir fiber has a great variety of applications at domestic as well as official decorative purpose.

1. It is widely used for floor mats, door mats, brushes, mattresses etc.

2. Common uses for brown coir fiber are in upholstery padding, sacking and horticulture.

3. It is used in handicraft industry and shell of coconut is used for button making as well.

4. This material is also used for electric insulation and packaging.

5. Brown coir fibers together to be used as upholstery padding for automobile industry.

6. This fiber is recommended substitute for sphagnum moss because it is free of bacteria and fungal spores.

7. It is not spoiled into water thus rope can make which is used at ship & boat.

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Hemp Fiber Properties, Chemical Constituents and Uses

Hemp is a natural bast fiber like jute, flax or ramie. This fiber is produced from the plant name Cannabis Sativa. It grows well in the south western part of Caspian Ocean. It is a long strong and most durable fiber among all the vegetable fibers. It contains about 70 percent cellulose in its structure and looks very shiny like linen or flax fiber. It has low amount of lignin, hemi-cellulose and other matters. Hemp is very finer fiber but more stronger as it is used to coarse fabric as well as canvas. Since hemp fiber shows similar properties like all the natural bast fibers as their length, strength, absorbency, durability, dyeing properties, mildew resistant, blocking ultraviolet light and anti-bacterial properties, thus it is used for producing various decorative textile products and blended with other fibers.

Chemical Constituents of Hemp

Component	percentage
Cellulose	71.5%
Hemi-cellulsoe	18.1%
Lignin	5.9%
Pectin	2.9%
Fat and Wax	0.9%
Water Soluble Matter	1.8%
Total	100%

Physical Properties

Length: It is 4 to 6.5 feet long.

Strength: Too strong, usually after ramie it is most stronger fiber among all natural fibers.

Elasticity: Not so good. Lesser than flax fiber.

Color: It looks yellowish to deep brown.

Moisture Regain: MR% of hemp fiber is 12, which is more than cotton or flax fiber but lesser than jute.

Heat Resistance: Heat Resistance of hemp is moderate.

Luster: Soft and highly shiny fiber like linen.

Chemical properties

Hemp fiber contains about 70% cellulose, thus it has great affinity towards dyes and chemicals. It has excellent mildew resistant and blocking to ultraviolet light as well as natural anti-bacterial properties. It destroys when treated with strong acid but have good activity and resistant against strong alkali. It should  dye up at bleach free way as it is greatly affected by beaching agent. (Reference: book Textile Fiber and  web textilefashionstudy)

End Uses:

Hemp has been used to make coarse fabric as well as canvas as it is very strong fiber. It has been used for ages to produce rope, canvas along with paper like matter. Prolonged hemp muscles is usually content spun along with weaved to generate highly detailed, linen-like fabric employed in clothing, home furnishing fabrics along with floor coverings.

In China, hemp is usually de-gummed for processing on flax or cotton machinery. Blending with cotton, linen, silk and wool gives hemp a softer feel, while adding resistance and durability to the product.

In Europe, hemp fibers are used mainly in the specific paper market - on account of reduce lignin content material, it may be pulped employing a lot fewer chemical substances in comparison with wood.

Hemp fibers are also used to reinforce moulded thermoplastics in the automobile industry. The short core fibers go into insulation products, fiber board and erosion control mats, while the fibrous core can be blended with lime to make strong, lightweight concrete. (Reference : naturalfibres2009)

Hemp Fiber Properties, Chemical Constituents and Uses

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Hemp is a natural bast fiber like jute, flax or ramie. This fiber is produced from the plant name Cannabis Sativa. It grows well in the south western part of Caspian Ocean. It is a long strong and most durable fiber among all the vegetable fibers. It contains about 70 percent cellulose in its structure and looks very shiny like linen or flax fiber. It has low amount of lignin, hemi-cellulose and other matters. Hemp is very finer fiber but more stronger as it is used to coarse fabric as well as canvas. Since hemp fiber shows similar properties like all the natural bast fibers as their length, strength, absorbency, durability, dyeing properties, mildew resistant, blocking ultraviolet light and anti-bacterial properties, thus it is used for producing various decorative textile products and blended with other fibers.

Chemical Constituents of Hemp

Component	percentage
Cellulose	71.5%
Hemi-cellulsoe	18.1%
Lignin	5.9%
Pectin	2.9%
Fat and Wax	0.9%
Water Soluble Matter	1.8%
Total	100%

Physical Properties

Length: It is 4 to 6.5 feet long.

Strength: Too strong, usually after ramie it is most stronger fiber among all natural fibers.

Elasticity: Not so good. Lesser than flax fiber.

Color: It looks yellowish to deep brown.

Moisture Regain: MR% of hemp fiber is 12, which is more than cotton or flax fiber but lesser than jute.

Heat Resistance: Heat Resistance of hemp is moderate.

Luster: Soft and highly shiny fiber like linen.

Chemical properties

Hemp fiber contains about 70% cellulose, thus it has great affinity towards dyes and chemicals. It has excellent mildew resistant and blocking to ultraviolet light as well as natural anti-bacterial properties. It destroys when treated with strong acid but have good activity and resistant against strong alkali. It should  dye up at bleach free way as it is greatly affected by beaching agent. (Reference: book Textile Fiber and  web textilefashionstudy)

End Uses:

Hemp has been used to make coarse fabric as well as canvas as it is very strong fiber. It has been used for ages to produce rope, canvas along with paper like matter. Prolonged hemp muscles is usually content spun along with weaved to generate highly detailed, linen-like fabric employed in clothing, home furnishing fabrics along with floor coverings.

In China, hemp is usually de-gummed for processing on flax or cotton machinery. Blending with cotton, linen, silk and wool gives hemp a softer feel, while adding resistance and durability to the product.

In Europe, hemp fibers are used mainly in the specific paper market - on account of reduce lignin content material, it may be pulped employing a lot fewer chemical substances in comparison with wood.

Hemp fibers are also used to reinforce moulded thermoplastics in the automobile industry. The short core fibers go into insulation products, fiber board and erosion control mats, while the fibrous core can be blended with lime to make strong, lightweight concrete. (Reference : naturalfibres2009)

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